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英语大杂烩

A Tour to Barcelona----畅游巴塞罗那




  Barcelona is regarded as Spain’s second city, behind capital Madrid. The city is steeped in history, Barcelona was founded by Carthaginians and according to tradition, its name was derived from the great Barker family of ancient Carpage. After numerous different conquers, including the Romans and the Moores that ravaged the city, the Argons made Catalonia, of which Barcelona was the capital. Strong and prosperous. Since the 1970s, the city has reasserted its Catalon background. But it wasn’t until the summer Olympics in 1992 did Barcelona became the modern, vibrant city that it still is today. And with this prosperity has come luxury and fabulous hotels. The Raewon Callas the 1st was opened in 1992, by the King and Queen of Spain. It’s situated in the north of the city, near the main University and it’s run by Jose Louise Torres.

  巴塞罗那是西班牙第二大的城市,仅次于首都马德里。巴塞罗那处处透露着历史气息。城市由迦太基人建立,根据古传统,城市的名字由古迦太基的巴塞家族派生出来。在经过数不清的征服者,包括罗马人和摩尔人对这个城市的掠夺后,阿拉贡人建立了繁荣富强的加塞罗尼亚,定都于巴塞罗那。二十世纪七十年代以来,这个城市重新宣告了它的加泰罗背景。但是直到1992年举办夏季奥运会以后,巴塞罗那才成为现在这样的现代化的,有活力的城市。随着城市的日渐繁荣,豪华,大型的酒店不断出现。第一家雷文卡拉斯酒店是由西班牙国王和王后主持揭幕的。该酒店位于城北主要大学附近。有胡塞·路易斯·托尔斯经营。

  With buildings like the Casa Cal Bain and the Casa Minga, Antony Gaudy is credited with making great impact of image of Barcelona. He also built the fantastic Park Quell. Antony Gaudy died in 1926, leaving an unfinished cathedral as his epitaph.

  安东尼·高迪以卡尔维特和米拉之家等建筑物,塑造了巴塞罗那无以伦比的形象。他还建造了神奇的奎尔公园。安东尼·高迪在1926年逝世,为竟的大教堂是他的墓志铭。 

  What are the attractions of coming to Barcelona?

  巴塞罗那有什么吸引人的地方?

  There are many, many different attractions: culture, leisure, monuments, our architectures, and the gastronomy. Barcelona has commercial areas, shopping areas of five kilometers that goes around to the sea to the north, and on the street and continue at shop at the same time you find the shops. You see our architecture, you see our monuments, our museums, and our restaurants. So there is a mix between shopping and services.

  它有很多不同的引人之处:文化,休闲,纪念碑,建筑,还有烹调。巴塞罗那有商业区,长五公里的购物区绕着大海直到北部。走在大街上,你可以一边购物一边探店。你可以看看建筑,纪念碑,博物馆,饭店,既能购物又有玩的享受。

  One label that’s hot among fashion conscious is MIRO, and these trendy designs of clothing and shoes originate in Barcelona. The region itself now produces for other international labels, like for the Gallic giant Lacose. 

  米罗是时尚界中享有盛誉的一个品牌。这些鞋子和衣服的设计流行趋势来自巴塞罗那。该地区还生产其它国际知名品牌的产品。比如法国的名牌Lacose。

  No visit to the city would be complete without a tour of the Nou Camp, the immense home of one of Spain's finest teams, Barcelona Football Club. FC Barcelona was founded in 1899 along with the other Spanish team, Real Madrid. It’s one of the greatest football teams in Europe. With players like Maradona and Ronaldo having played for Barca, it’s easy to explain their success! FC Barcelona is credited to winning more trophy than any other team in European football history. The stadium, the Nou Camp, can hold one hundred and twelve thousand people, making it one of the greatest places to watch and play “the beautiful game”.

  不到诺坎谱就不算到过巴塞罗那。诺坎谱是西班牙最好的球队之——巴塞罗那队的主场。巴塞罗那队与另外一支西班牙球队——皇家马德里队,欧洲最顶级的球队之一——同时成立于1899年。有马拉多纳和罗那尔多做为球员,这两支球队勇创佳绩。在欧洲足球史上。巴塞罗那队拿的奖牌比任何一支球队都多。诺坎谱球场可以容纳11万2千人,是观看和踢漂亮的球赛的最好场地之一。

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The 4 Wives----生命中的四位爱人



  There was a rich merchant who had 4 wives. He loved the 4th wife the most and adorned her with rich robes and treated her to delicacies. He took great care of her and gave her nothing but the best.

  从前,一位富有的商人娶了四个老婆。他最爱他的小老婆,给她华丽的衣裳和美味佳肴。他对她体贴入微,把最好的东西都给了她。

  He also loved the 3rd wife very much. He’s very proud of her and always wanted to show off her to his friends. However, the merchant is always in great fear that she might run away with some other men.

  商人也很爱第三位老婆。他为她感到骄傲,并常把她作为在朋友面前炫耀的资本。但他同时也忧心忡忡,怕她与其他男人跑了。

  He too, loved his 2nd wife. She is a very considerate person, always patient and in fact is the merchant’s confidante. Whenever the merchant faced some problems, he always turned to his 2nd wife and she would always help him out and tide him through difficult times.

  当然,商人也爱二老婆,她既善解人意又耐心。事实上,她是商人的红颜知己。每每遇到困难,他就会找她,而她也总能帮助他走出困境,度过难关。

  Now, the merchant’s 1st wife is a very loyal partner and has made great contributions in maintaining his wealth and business as well as taking care of the household. However, the merchant did not love the first wife and although she loved him deeply, he hardly took notice of her.

  至于大老婆,她是一位忠诚的伴侣,替他照料生意、打理家务,忙里忙外,可谓劳苦功高。然而,尽管她爱得这么深,商人却偏不钟情于她,甚至没把她放在心上。

  One day, the merchant fell ill. Before long, he knew that he was going to die soon. He thought of his luxurious life and told himself, “Now I have 4 wives with me. But when I die, I’ll be alone. How lonely I’ll be!”

  一日,商人得了重病,他自知将不久于人世。当他回顾自己奢华的一生,不禁心中怅然:“现在我虽然有四个老婆相伴,但死后却要孤零零一人。多寂寞啊!”

  Thus, he asked the 4th wife, “I loved you most, and owed you with the finest clothing and showered great care over you. Now that I’m dying, will you follow me and keep me company?” “No way!” replied the 4th wife and she walked away without another word.

  于是,他问小老婆:“我最疼你,给你买最漂亮的衣服,还对你呵护备至。现在我就要离开这个世界了,你愿意随我而去,与我相伴吗?”“绝不可能!”她丢下一句话,径自走开了。

  The answer cut like a sharp knife right into the merchant’s heart. The sad merchant then asked the 3rd wife, “I have loved you so much for all my life. Now that I’m dying, will you follow me and keep me company?” “No!” replied the 3rd wife. “Life is so good over here! I’m going to remarry when you die!” The merchant’s heart sank and turned cold.

  小老婆的回答如一把尖刀插在商人心上。伤心的商人继而问第三个老婆:“我一直对你宠爱有加。如今,我将不久于人世,你愿意随我而去,与我相伴吗?”“不!”她拒绝道,“人间的生活多么美好啊!你死后我会改嫁他人!”商人的心倏地下沉,渐渐变冷。

  He then asked the 2nd wife, “I always turned to you for help and you’ve always helped me out. Now I need your help again. When I die, will you follow me and keep me company?” “I’m sorry, I can’t help you out this time!” replied the 2nd wife. “At the very most, I can only send you to your grave.” The answer came like a bolt of thunder and the merchant was devastated.

  他再转向二老婆,问道:“我过去常常求助于你,你也总能为我排忧解难。现在我想再请你帮一次忙。我死后,你愿意随我而去,与我相伴吗?”“很抱歉,这一次我帮不了你,”她说,“我最多只能让你入土为安。”这句话犹如晴天霹雳,商人彻底绝望了。

  Then a voice called out: “I’ll leave with you. I’ll follow you no matter where you go.” The merchant looked up and there was his first wife. She was so skinny, almost like she suffered from malnutrition. Greatly grieved, the merchant said, “I should have taken much better care of you while I could have!”

  这时,旁边传来一个声音:“我愿意随你一同离去。无论你到哪里,我都会跟着你。”商人抬起头,看到了自己的大老婆。她是那么消瘦,一副营养不良的样子。商人悲痛万分,他说:“我过去就应该好好地珍惜你啊!”

  Actually, we all have 4 wives in our lives

  其实,我们每个人的一生都有四位爱人相伴。

  The 4th wife is our body. No matter how much time and effort we lavish in making it look good, it’ll leave us when we die.

  小老婆代表我们的躯体。无论我们花费多少的时间和精力想去装扮她,我们死后它终会弃我们而去。

  Our 3rd wife is our possessions, status and wealth. When we die, they all go to others.

  第三位老婆代表财产、地位与金钱。一旦我们撒手西去,它终究会转向他人。

  The 2nd wife is our family and friends. No matter how close they had been there for us when we’re alive, the furthest they can stay by us is up to the grave.

  二老婆则代表了我们的家人与朋友。我们活着的时候,无论他们与我们多么亲近,他们最多也只能到墓前送我们最后一程。

  The 1st wife is in fact our soul, often neglected in our pursuit of material, wealth and sensual pleasure.

  至于大老婆,她则是我们的灵魂。当我们沉迷于追求物质、金钱或感官享受的时候,她常常会被遗忘在一旁。

  Guess what? It is actually the only thing that follows us wherever we go. Perhaps it’s a good idea to cultivate and strengthen it now rather than to wait until we’re on our deathbed to lament.

  结果呢?她才是唯一与我们永远相伴的。也许从现在开始,我们就应该悉心照顾好她,而不是等到临终之际才悔恨不已。
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The right way to eat an ice-cream-cone----吃冰激凌的正确方法



  Grasp the cone with the right hand firmly but gently between thumb and at least one but not more than three fingers, two-thirds of the way upon the cone. Then dart swiftly away to an open area, away from the jostling crowd at the stand. Now take up the classic ice-cream-cone-eating stance: feet from one to one feet apart, body bent forward from the waist at a twenty-five-degree angle, right elbow well up, right forearm horizontal, at a level with your collarbone and about twelve inches from it.

  右手牢牢地抓住蛋筒,但要以大拇指和至少一个、不能超过三个的其他手指夹住蛋筒自下而上三分之二的地方。然后飞奔至宽敞处,离开冷饮亭的拥挤人群。现在摆出吃冰漠淋的古典姿势两足相距一两英尺,上半身前倾25度,右肘抬起,右前臂水平提至与颈骨同高处,距离12英寸。

  But don't start eating yet! Check first to see what emergency repairs may be necessary. Sometimes a sugar cone will be so crushed or broken or cracked that all one cm do is gulp at the thing like a savage, getting what he can of it and letting the rest drop to the ground, and then evacuating the area of catastrophe as quickly as possible.

  但还别开始吃!先查看一下是否需要进行必要的紧急修补。有时候甜筒给压扁、断裂、破碎了,你只好犹如野人一般狼吞虎咽,能吃.多少算多少,其余的只能任由滴到地上,接着还得要迅速撤离灾难现场。

  Checking the cone for possible trouble can be done in a second or two, if one knows where to look and does it systematically. A trouble spot some people overlook is the bottom tip of the cone. This may have been broken off. Or the flap of the cone material at the bottom, usually wrapped over itself in that funny spiral construction, may be folded in a way that is imperfect and leaves an opening. No need to say that through this opening-in a matter of perhaps thirty or, at most, ninety seconds-will begin to pour hundreds of thousands of sticky molecules of melted ice cream. 

  如果一个人知道该注意什么地方并有系统地去做,检查蛋筒以防隐患只消一两秒钟便可完成。蛋筒的尖底往往是为人们所忽视的地方——这儿或有可能已经破损。再或者蛋筒底部常给弄成可笑的螺旋状,由于扭拧技术欠佳而留下缺口。不用说,过了30秒或至多90秒钟,成百上千融化了的冰激凌粘乎乎的微粒便会从这缺口倾涌而出。

  You know in this case then you must instantly get the paper napkin in your left hand under and around the bottom of the cone to stem the forthcoming flow, or else be doomed to eat the cone far too rapidly. It is a grim moment. No one wants to eat a cone under that kind of pressure, but neither does anyone want to end up with the bottom of the cone stuck to a messy napkin.

  在此情况下,你要立即用左手拿纸中包在蛋筒底部及四周堵住涌出的冰漠淋,否则的话,你只能匆匆忙忙地吃下蛋筒。这可真令人着恼。没人希望在那样的压力下吃冰激凌,也不会有人希望吃剩个脏兮兮的纸中裹着的蛋筒底。

  There's one other alternative-one that takes both skilled and courage: Forgoing any cradling action, grasp the cone more firmly between thumb and forefinger and extend the other fingers so that they are out of the way of the dripping from the bottom, then increase the waist-bend angle from twenty-five to thirty-five degrees, and then eat the cone, allowing it to drip out of the bottom onto the ground in front of you! Experienced and thoughtful cone-eaters enjoy facing up to this kind of sudden challenge. 

  还有另一种选择,但那既需要技巧也需要勇气,即:在进行任何补救措施之前,以拇指和食指牢牢夹住蛋筒,并翘起其他手指以免粘上蛋筒底端的冰激凌,然后上身倾度由25度变为35度,再吃蛋筒,随它在你跟前漏洒到地上!经验老道且敏思善想的蛋筒吃家是很乐于面对这种突然的挑战的。

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A Growing Force in Business----商界女精英


  More women than ever are in the workforce, they are starting business at twice the rate of men, and about a third of working women earn more than their spouses. The male oriented world of financial services is taking note.

  越来越多的女性走上了工作岗位,她们创业的增长速度是男性的两倍,有大约三分之一的职业女性收入超过了她们的配偶,一直以来把男性作为主要服务对象的金融服务领域正在关注着这一现象。

  The number of high net worth women, those with three million dollars or more in investable assets, is growing at nearly double the pace of men in this group, that’s according to a recent survey by Merrill Lynch. How do they do it?

  美林证券最近的一份调查报告指出,那些有着高净值资产的女性,即那些拥有可用于投资性资产在三百万美元以上的女性,她们人数正不断增长。她们是怎样成功的呢?

  Paying attention to detail is key to Jeanette Nostra’s job. As president of G-III Apparel Group she supervises marketing, merchandizing and product development for the company, keeping close tabs on everyone from division VPs to designers. Her hands-on management style has helped her rise through the ranks at the apparel maker over the past two decades, and her compensation during that ascent ahs contributed to her assets.

  留意细节是珍妮特·诺斯特的工作关键。作为G-III服装集团的总裁,她为公司管理着市场营销、商品销售和产品开发等环节,监督着公司的每一个人,包括从各部门的副总裁道设计师。在过去的20年中,这种亲力亲为的管理作风使她在服装界稳步上升,而她在晋升的过程中获得的薪水不断地为她的资产添砖加瓦。

  Studies show most women with high net worth from Carly Fiorina to Meg Whitman to Andrea Jung, have worked for their fortune rather than inherited it.

  研究显示,包括从卡莉·菲奥莉娜到梅格·惠特曼及钟彬娴在内的大多数女性,她们的财富并不是继承来的,而是通过自己的艰苦奋斗得来的。

  As women have become a powerful force in business, many have caught up with men in terms of earning power and assets. In fact, 43 percent of Americans who have over a half a million dollars in assets, are women, and financial services firms are increasingly servicing this high net worth group.

  Many of these women have different priorities than men when it comes to managing their money.

  由于女性已经成为生意场上的一支生力军,她们当众的许多人在挣钱能力和财富方面已经赶上了男性。而实际上,在拥有超过50万美元资产的美国人当中,就有43%是女性。金融服务界正为这一拥有巨额净资产的人群提供越来越多的服务。

  A recent Merrill Lynch survey of wealthy women, those with three million dollars or more in investable assets, found nearly all of them work with an advisor or private money manager. Women, are very interested in relationships, feeling comfortable with what they’re doing, getting education about it.

  美林证券公司最近对那些用于300万以上可用于投资资产的富有女性做了一份调查,报告显示:她们中几乎所有人都与理财顾问或私人金融经理打交道。女性通常对与他人的关系和他人的意见很感兴趣,她们重视与他人保持长期的关系,对自己的投资行为感到满意,并从中学到知识。

  Merrill’s survey showed as they become more educated, wealthy women are interested in tapping into sophisticated investment strategies, like private equity or direct investments. And where wealthy women differ from most men is in their interests in socially responsible investing.

  这项调查还表明,随着富有女性在这方面的知识积累越来越多,她们开始着手更为复杂的投资策略,如私募投资和直接投资等。富有的女性和男性最大的区别就是她们对那些负有社会责任的投资更加感兴趣。

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The Hubble----望远镜的革命

  When most people think of space, what come to mind are names like John Glenn and Neil Armstrong. When scientists think about space, the name that comes to mind is Hubble, a space telescope we sent on a twenty-year Journey to explore the origins of the universe. It's already being called the most scientifically significant space project we ever embarked on. Taking pictures of the universe that literally let you and me and everyone else look back in time and see what the universe looked like13 billion years ago.

  很多人想到太空时,首先在脑海中出现的名字不是约翰·格林就是尼尔·阿姆斯特朗。而当科学家想到太空时,他们脑海中出现的是哈勃太空望远镜。二十年来哈勃望远镜一直在为我们探索宇宙的起源之谜,它被称为是人类所进行的最具科学意义的太空项目。从它拍摄的宇审照片上,我们每人都能回顾到宇宙在130亿年前的模样。 

  The images are like nothing ever seen before, as much art as science, visions of a universe more violent and fantastic than anyone had dared to imagine. Everything from razor-sharp views of the planets in our own solar system, to the vast stellar nurseries where stars and planets are born. Some show us the explosive outbursts of dying suns, others the swirling masses of stars that make up the galaxies. But Hubble isn't just giving us extraordinary pictures, it's helping astronomers unlock the secrets of the universe.

  照片所展示的图像是我们前所未见的:科学犹如艺术,宇宙图像比任何人敢想象的还要热烈,奇异。照片内容包罗万象,有太阳系各行星的精彩绝伦的景致,也有孕育出星球,恒星的巨大行星。一些图片展示了恒星毁灭前的大爆炸景致,还有一些组成了银河的星群星云。但是哈勃望远镜不止为我们提供了优秀的图片,他还帮助天文学家去解开宇宙的奥妙。

  Morgan: You know, people have been wondering about how the universe began probably since the caveman, right. The caveman wondered out, looked up and saw those dots of lights, and he has no clue.

  摩根:人们可能从穴居起就开始猜测宇宙是怎么开始的。穴居人走到了野外,抬头看天,看到星星点点的光,茫然一片,毫无头绪。

  Dr.Bmce Morgan is the Associate Director for Science for The Hubble Space Telescope.

  布卢斯·摩根博士是哈勃望远镜科学研究所的副主任。

  Morgan: Generations of humans have gone by with absolutely no clue about how the universe started. When my father went to school, no matter how smart he was or how smart his teachers were, nobody had a clue how old was the universe, how were atoms made, how are stars formed No one knew.

  摩根:多少代人以来都不知道宇宙是怎么开始的。当年我父亲读书的时候,不论他和的老师有多聪明,谁也说不清楚宇宙的年龄,原子是怎样产生的,星星是怎样产生的,谁也不知道。

  The Hubble space telescope is the size of a greyhound bus, it weighs ten tons and flies 400 miles above the earth, moving five miles a second. Its cameras and scientific instruments are so sophisticated that they can capture light that began traveling through space more than 13 billion years ago. By the time that light finally enters the te1escope and is transformed into an image, the picture it shows is of the universe as it was back when the light began its journey in the unimaginably distant past, in effect turning the telescope into a time machine. 

  哈勃太空望远镜的大小和灰狗巴士差不多,重达10吨,在离地球400英里的高空上飞行,每秒钟移动5英里。它的镜头和科学设备实在太精密了,连330亿年前太空中的光线也能捕捉得到。当光线最终进入望远镜里转成图像号后,图片上能看到宇宙的从前,光线在无法想象的遥远过去开始旅行的情景。从效果上说,哈勃就是一架时光机器。

  Dr. Mario Livio is the head of the Science Division for the Hubble Space Telescope.

  马里奥·里维奥是哈勃太空望远镜科学部的部长。

  Livio: When we look back in time, using Hubble, we can see the universe, how it looked when it was less than a billion years old. And we can see what galaxies looked back then, when they were the building blocks of today's galaxies.

  里维奥:我们用哈勃望远镜回顾过去,能看到宇宙在差不多十亿年前的样子。我们也可以看到当年的银河,看到它们怎样演变成今天的银河。

  But why is knowing this is important today?

  但是为什么知道这些对今天意义重大呢?

  Livio: Because we want to understand our origins. I mean it's a very fundamental thing.

  里维奥:因为我们想知道自己的起源。我的意思是,那是人之本啊。

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你所记得的一切


  All you remember about your child being an infant is the incredible awe you felt about the precious miracle you created.

  当你的孩子是个婴儿时,你所记得的,是你对自己创造出的堪称完美奇迹的作品,感到不可思议的敬畏。

  You remember having plenty of time to bestow all your wisdom and knowledge.

  你记得你有大量的时间去传授你所有的智慧和知识。

  You thought your child would take all of your advice and make fewer mistakes, and be much smarter than you were.

  你认为你的孩子将会接受你所有的忠告而少犯错误,将会比孩提时代的你聪明许多。

  You wished for your child to hurry and grow up.

  你多希望你的孩子快快长大。

  All you remember about your child being two is never using the restroom alone ,

  孩子两岁时,你所记得的,是从不能独自使用卫生间,

  or getting to watch a movie without talking animals.

  从不看一部与动物无关的电影。

  You recall afternoons talking on the phone while crouching in the bedroom closet,

  你记得那些蜷缩在卧室储衣间跟朋友通电话的下午,

  and being convinced your child would be ,

  深信你的孩子将是

  the first Ivy League college student to graduate wearing pullovers at the ceremony.

  第一个身着套头衫出席毕业典礼的常春藤名牌大学毕业生。

  You remember worrying about the bag of M&M's melting in your pocket and ruining your good dress.

  你记得你担心那袋M&M巧克力糖会在你的衣兜里融化,毁了你体面的衣服。

  You wished for your child to be more independent.

  你多希望你的孩子更独立些。

  All you remember about your child being five is the first day of school and finally having the house to yourself.

  孩子5岁时,你所记得的,是他上学第一天你终于独自拥有整个房子了。

  You remember joining the PTA and being elected president when you left a meeting to use the restroom.

  你记得参加家长—教师联系会,在你离开会议室去洗手间时,你当选为会长。

  You remember being asked "Is Santa real?" and saying "yes" because he had to be for a little bit longer.

  你记得孩子问你"圣诞老人是真的吗?"你回答"是的",因为他还需要你的肯定回答,尽管不久他就能自己判断了。

  You remember shaking the sofa cushions for loose change,

  你记得在沙发垫子下一通翻腾要找出些零钱,

  so the toothfairy could come and take away your child's first lost tooth.

  这样牙齿仙女就会来把你孩子掉的第一颗牙带走。

  You wished for your child to have all permanent teeth.

  你多希望孩子的牙都换成了恒牙。

  All you remember about your child being seven is the carpool schedule.

  孩子7岁时,你所记得的,是合伙用车的时间安排。

  You learned to apply makeup in two minutes and brush your teeth in the rearview mirror ,

  你学会了在两分钟内化完妆,照着汽车后视镜刷牙,

  because the only time you had to yourself was when you were stopped at red lights.

  因为你能给你自己找出的时间就只有汽车停在红灯前的那小段。

  You considered painting your car yellow and posting a "taxi" sign on the lawn next to the garage door.

  你想过把你的车子漆成黄色,并在车库门旁的草坪上立一个"出租车"的标志牌。

  You remember people staring at you, the few times you were out of the car,

  你记得有几次你下车后,人们盯着你,

  because you kept flexing your foot and making acceleration noises.

  因为你不断用脚踩油门加速,制造噪音。

  You wished for the day your child would learn how to drive.

  你多希望孩子有一天能学会开车。
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母亲所记得的


  All you remember about your child being ten is managing the school fund raisers.

  孩子10岁时,你所记得的,是怎么组织学校的募捐者。

  You sold wrapping paper for paint, T shirts for new furniture,

  你们为重新粉刷学校兜售包装纸,为购置新家具兜售体恤衫,

  and magazine subscriptions for shade trees in the school playground.

  为在学校操场上种植遮阳树劝人订阅各种杂志。

  You remember storing a hundred cases of candy bars in the garage to sell so the school band could get new uniforms,

  你记得你在车库里存放了上百盒糖果等待出售,得到钱后学校的乐队就可以购置新制服,

  and how they melted together on an unseasonably warm spring afternoon.

  可是那些糖果竟在一个暖和得过头的春天的下午全都融化在一起了。

  You wished your child would grow out of playing an instrument.

  你多希望孩子长大,不再演奏什么乐器了。

  All you remember about your child being twelve is sitting in the stands during baseball practice and ,

  孩子12岁时,你所记得的,是孩子在体育场打棒球练习赛时,你坐在看台上

  hoping your child's team would strike out fast because you had more important things to do at home.

  希望你孩子所在的队很快三击不中出局,因为家里还有更重要的事等你去做。

  The coach didn't understand how busy you were.

  教练不明白你为什么那么忙。

  You wished the baseball season would be over soon.

  你多希望棒球赛季能尽快结束。

  All you remember about your child being fourteen is being asked not to stop the car in front of the school in the morning.

  孩子14岁时,你所记得的,是他不让你早晨把汽车停在校门口。

  You had to drive two blocks further and unlock the doors without coming to a complete stop.

  你不得不开过两个街区,车还没停稳就赶紧打开车门。

  You remember not getting to kiss your child goodbye or talking to him in front of his friends.

  你记得没能在他的朋友面前跟他吻别或说话。

  You wished your child would be more mature.

  你多希望孩子能更成熟些。

  All you remember about your child being sixteen is loud music and undecipherable lyrics screamed to a rhythmic beat.

  孩子16岁时,你所记得的,是吵闹的音乐和以富有节奏的拍子尖声唱出的难以听懂的歌词。

  You wished for your child to grow up and leave home with the stereo.

  你多希望孩子快点长大成人,带着音响离开家吧。

  All you remember about your child being eighteen is the day they were born and having all the time in the world.

  孩子18岁时,你所记得的,是他们出生的那一天,拥有世间所有的时光。

  And, as you walk through your quiet house, you wonder where they went and you wish your child hadn't grown up so fast.

  当你在静静的房子里走来走去时,你纳闷他们去哪里了——你多希望孩子别这么快就长大了。
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英语学习方法秘诀


        句子比单词重要

  中国人学英语,最常用的方法是背单词,甚至有人以能背出一本词典为荣,但是词典上的解释是死的,语言的运用却是活的,机械的理解会造成很大的误解。词典不是最重要的,关键在于语境。可以说,单词没有多少实际运用的价值,机械记忆的单词量再大,也不会真正提高你的外语水平。要养成背诵句子的好习惯,因为句子中既包含了发音规则,又有语法内容,还能表明某个词在具体语言环境中的特定含义。

  不要学“古董英语”。任何语言都是活的,每天都会发展,学习陈旧的语言毫无新鲜感,而且基本无处可用。不鲜活、不入时、不风趣幽默的语言不是我们要学的语言,多读外文报纸、多看原版影视作品才会有助于补充新词汇。

  很多人以为,把单词拆成一个个字母背熟就可以正确地拼写出来,其实,科学的方法是把读音、拼写和用法融为一体,同步进行,眼口手脑并用,并把它应用到句子里面去理解。

  听不懂也要听

  练习听力时,许多人抱怨听不懂,因而丧失了听的乐趣,往往半途而废。其实,即使听不懂也是一种学习,只不过你自己觉察不到而已。虽然暂时听不懂,但你的耳膜已经开始尝试着适应一种新的语言发音,你的大脑在调整频率,准备接受一种新的信息代码,这本身就是一次飞跃。

  所以切记:听不懂时,你也在进步。

  练习听力,要充分利用心理学上的无意注意,只要一有时间,就要打开录音机播放外语磁带,使自己处于外语的语言环境中,也许你没听清楚说些什么,这不要紧,你可以随便做其他事情,不用去有意听,只要你的周围有外语环境的发音,你的听力就会提高。

  敢于开口

  学英语很重要的一点是用来和他人交流,但开口难也是中国人学英语的一大特点。问题出在以下几点:

  一是有些人把是否看懂当成学习的标准。拿到一本口语教材,翻开几页一看,都看懂了,就认为太简单了,对自己不合适。其实,练习口语的教材,内容肯定不会难,否则没法操练。看懂不等于会说,把这些你已经学会的东西流利地表达出来,才是口语教材最主要的目标。

  二是千万不要用汉字来记英语发音。学习一门外语如果发音不过关,始终不会真正掌握一门外语,而且最大的害处是不利于培养对外语的兴趣,影响下一步学习。现在有人把用汉语发音标注英语,比如把“goodbye”记作“古得拜”,甚至把这种做法作为成果出版,这样做肯定后患无穷。

  不敢开口的第三点是怕语法有错。没有具体问题,一般不要去读语法书。超前学习语法,会使你如坠云里雾里,丧失学习外语的乐趣和信心。

  而且,语法好比游泳理论,对于没有下过水的人来说,游泳理论是用处不大的。同样,对于语言实践不够丰富的初学者,直接学习语法的用处不是很大。所以,一定要结合语言实践来理解语法,语法是学会语言后的一种理论思考。学语言不存在对错,只要能说出来,意思让人家明白就可以了,不用费尽心机考虑用什么句型,只要能选准一个单词就行。

  学口语最好的办法,不是做习题,不是背诵,也不是看语法书,而是反复高声朗读课文,这种做法的目的是培养自己的语感,只有具备了语感,才能在做习题时不假思索、下意识地写出正确答案。而且,当你熟练朗读几十篇课文后,很多常用句子会不自觉地脱口而出,所谓的“用外语思维阶段”就会悄然而至。

  “盯住”一套教材

  现在市场上学英语的材料铺天盖地,这给了大家更多的选择余地,但处理不好也会带来不良后果——今天用这个教材、明天换另一种,学习便失去了系统性。正确的做法是选中一套教材,以它为主,其余材料都作为补充。

  还有,目前市面上不少考试材料都以“真题”为卖点,不少考生把希望寄托于做“真题”上,以为这样就能通过考试。其实,很多正规的考试取材十分广泛,经过了严格的难度论证,使用过的材料绝不可能二度使用。

  面对这样的考试,仅仅以做题备战显然是治标不治本的做法,做题只能起到帮助考生了解题型的作用……对考生来说,语言能力的提高才是关键。

  不要频繁更换学校不要盲目崇拜外语学院,这些学院确实有很长的历史和经验丰富的老师,但是有时也有局限性,教材陈旧、观念陈旧、方法陈旧是他们的通病和致命缺点。

  学习英语没有“速成”之说。学好英语也没有捷径,只有方法的好坏。

  比如记英语单词,低着头拼命默写就不是一个好办法。好的方法是大声朗读,反复训练发音器官和耳朵,把声音铭刻在脑子里。这样既可以提高听力,又可以改进口语发音,还记了单词。默写只是训练了眼睛和手,可是它们不能替你听和说。这就是好学校和普通学校的差别,好学校通过学习方法的训练,能让学员在最短的时间里得到提高,但这还是需要学员的付出和努力的。不要期望高学费能回报显著的学习效果,付出比较高的学费并不意味着不要学习。

  更不要在急用英语的情形下,病急乱投医,不管学校学习方法是否适合自己,先上着再说,等觉得不合适了再换。这对于孩子尤其不好——英语学习进行不下去,就停止或换班,不但会让孩子学习英语的兴趣磨没了,而且,由于师资水平不一,孩子学到的是“夹生英语”,以后想要纠正过来都比较困难。所以,家长们选择好、决定好可信任的教学思想、方法和师资之后,不要轻易换来换去,这样只会给孩子的外语学习带来适得其反的效果。

  寻找一个学习伙伴

  学习英语还要有较大的动力。每次你坐下来学习,无论在家里还是在语言中心,都需要短期动力集中精力读和听。但更需要长期动力,保证每天经常做这样的事情——这是最难的。所以许多人开始学习英语,过一段时间很快就放弃了——我们学习英语不是一个持续的提高过程,而是通过一系列的突然提高以及间隔着似乎没有变化的阶段,这就是所谓“高原效应”。在几个月的学习中,你都可能注意不到英语的巨大提高,在这些时候,学习者最容易失去长期的动力并放弃学习。

  避免“高原效应”的好办法是,尽量不要完全一个人学习。如果你不能到语言中心学习,至少你应尝试找一个“学习伙伴”,这样,你们能够互相鼓励和支持。当然,如果能到一个好的语言中心学习就更不错了。
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双音节单词的音节划分方法


“音节划分”是拼读规则中的一个至关重要的内容,掌握它有利于拼读技能的落实。

双音节单词的音节划分方法可归纳为“两分手。一归前或一归后”。这是在1991年,我从杭州的长征中学年轻的英语教师 Ms.郑洁那里听到的一句“民谚”。 

1.“两分手”是指:当两个元音之间有两个辅音字母时,将两个辅音字母划分在前后两个音节里。具体细节以及读音特点,分别介绍如下: 

1a. 当两个辅音字母相同(包括字母 r),且重读音节在第一个音节: 
better  划分成  bet ter        carry  划分成  car ry 
yellow  划分成  yel low        borrow  划分成  bor row 
millet小米  划分成  mil let    little  划分成  lit tle 
第一个音节的元音按照 “短元音” 读,但是相邻的那一个辅音字母没有读音。注意:字母  l, r 在非重读音节中,有时起元音的作用。譬如在单词 little, bottle, acre(英亩) 中。 

1b. 带前缀的单词,有时也有两个相同的辅音字母(包括字母 r),如:     
attack划分成at tack              arrive 划分成 ar rive 
attend 划分成 at tend            correct 划分成 cor rect 
effect 划分成 ef fect              support 划分成  sup port   
这样的单词,第一个音节是 “非重读音节”,元音一般读 “含糊元音”。 
Note: “含糊元音” = slurred vowel, 即 IPA 中的 “反e” 。 

1c. 当两个辅音字母不同(不包括字母 r)时: 
sister  划分成 sis ter        window 划分成 win dow 
system  划分成 sys tem        publish 划分成 pub lish 
milky  划分成 mil ky          silver 划分成 sil ver 
第一个音节的元音按照 “短元音” 读,相邻的辅音字母有读音。 
建议读者将 milky 的读音与 "millet(小米)" 的读音相比较; 
        将 silver 的读音与 "silly(愚蠢的)" 的读音相比较。 
       
1d. 当两个辅音字母不同,并且第一个辅音字母为 r 时:       
market  划分成 mar ket        dirty 划分成  dir ty   
certain  划分成 cer tain      forty 划分成  for ty 
surface 划分成 sur face        purple 划分成 pur ple 
第一个音节的元音按照 “-r 音节” 的读音读。 

注意:一些不允许 “两分手” 的情况,有: 
a. 辅音字符 th, sh, ch, ck, tch 等,是不允许分割的。如: 
fa ther    oth er    cash ier    ma chine    pock et 
meth od    moth er  fash ion    cush ion, re charge    butch er 

b. 各种辅音连缀,如 cr, pr, bl, fl, 等,也是不允许分割的。这样的单词有: 
April 只能划分成 A pril    secret  只能划分成 se cret 
apron只能划分成 a pron      sacred 只能划分成  sa cred 
包括带前缀的一些单词,如 degree, across, agree, afraid 等。 

_______________To be continued 





2.“一归前或一归后” 是指:当两个元音之间只有一个辅音字母时,有时将这个辅音字母划分在前面的音节里,有时划分在后面的音节里。 
 
2a. 先说 “一归后” 的情况。在有些单词中是对的。如: 
able 划分成 a ble table 划分成 ta ble 
radar 划分成 ra dar nation 划分成 na tion 
even 划分成 e ven eagle 划分成 ea gle 
fever 划分成 fe ver tiny 划分成 ti ny
minus 划分成 mi nus rifle 划分成 ri fle
open 划分成 o pen omit 划分成 o mit 
unit 划分成 u nit student 划分成 stu dent
bugle 划分成 bu gle 
显然,第一个音节的元音按照 “开音节” 读。 

2b. 带有以元音结尾的前缀的单词,自然是属于 “一归后” 的。如: 
begin 划分成 be gin repeat 划分成 re peat 
decide 划分成 de cide return 划分成 re turn 
prepare 划分成 pre pare repair 划分成 re pair 
重读音节在第二个音节,其元音按照第二章中的诸多规则读音。 

2c. 再看 “一归前” 的情况。在有些单词中也是对的。如: 
city 划分成 cit y minute 划分成 min ute 
study 划分成 stud y second 划分成 sec ond 
travel 划分成 trav el never 划分成 nev er 
显然,第一个音节的元音按照 “短元音” 读。 
 
另外请注意,字母 x 永远是划归第一个音节的。并且第一个音节读 “短元音”。如: 
taxi 划分成 tax i exit 划分成 ex it 
 
鉴于 “一归后”、“一归前” 两种情况都存在,所以需要细致地对待这个“民谚”。 




2.“一归前或一归后” 是指:当两个元音之间只有一个辅音字母时,有时将这个辅音字母划分在前面的音节里,有时划分在后面的音节里。 
 
2a. 先说 “一归后” 的情况。在有些单词中是对的。如: 
able 划分成 a ble, --------- table 划分成 ta ble 
radar 划分成 ra dar, --------- nation 划分成 na tion 
even 划分成 e ven, --------- eagle 划分成 ea gle 
fever 划分成 fe ver, --------- tiny 划分成 ti ny 
minus 划分成 mi nus, --------- rifle 划分成 ri fle 
open 划分成 o pen, --------- omit 划分成 o mit 
unit 划分成 u nit, --------- student 划分成 stu dent 
bugle 划分成 bu gle 
显然,第一个音节的元音按照 “开音节” 读。 

2b. 带有以元音结尾的前缀的单词,自然是属于 “一归后” 的。如: 
begin 划分成 be gin, ---------- repeat 划分成 re peat 
decide 划分成 de cide, ---------- return 划分成 re turn 
prepare 划分成 pre pare, ---------- repair 划分成 re pair 
重读音节在第二个音节,其元音按照第二章中的诸多规则读音。 

2c. 再看 “一归前” 的情况。在有些单词中也是对的。如: 
city 划分成 cit y, ------- minute 划分成 min ute 
study 划分成 stud y, ------- second 划分成 sec ond 
travel 划分成 trav el, ------- never 划分成 nev er 
显然,第一个音节的元音按照 “短元音” 读。 
 
另外请注意,字母 x 永远是划归第一个音节的。并且第一个音节读 “短元音”。如: 
taxi 划分成 tax i, ---------- exit 划分成 ex it 
 
鉴于 “一归后”、“一归前” 两种情况都存在,所以需要细致地对待这个“民谚”。 
gototop
 

语法


 

1. 名词
 
  名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:
  1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。
  2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
  3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
  4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:



  _______________________________________
 |  |专有名词 |            |
 | 名 |     | 个体名词  |      |
 |  |     |      | 可数名词 |
 |  |     | 集体名词  |      |
 |  |普通名词 |      |      |
 | 词 |     | 物质名词  |      |
 |  |     |      | 不可数名词|
 |  |     | 抽象名词  |      |
``────────────────────-



1.1 名词复数的规则变化
 
___________________________________________________
 情况   构成方法   读音    例词
__________________________________________________
一般情况   加 -s  1.清辅音后读/s/;  map-maps
           2.浊辅音和元音后  bag-bags
            读 /z/;     car-cars
___________________________________________________  


以s,sh,ch,
x等结尾的词  加 -es  读 /iz/    bus-buses
                   watch-watches
___________________________________________________
以ce,se,ze,
(d)ge等结尾
的词      加 -s  读 /iz/  license-licenses
___________________________________________________
以辅音字母+y  变y 为i
结尾的词    再加es  读 /z/   baby---babies
___________________________________________________ 


1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
      
1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数: 
  如: two Marys     the Henrys
     monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays  
 比较: 层楼:storey ---storeys  story---stories

2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
  a. 加s,如: photo---photos  piano---pianos
         radio---radios  zoo---zoos;
  b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
  c. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes 

3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
  a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs
         safe---safes  gulf---gulfs;
  b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves  
   knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
   wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;
  c. 均可,如: handkerchief:
        handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 


1.3 名词复数的不规则变化
 
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
  mouse---mice   man---men  woman---women 
注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
 如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

2)单复同形 如:
  deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
  li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 
  但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars;  a meter, two meters


  3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
   如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说
a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
   如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。


  4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
   a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
   b. news 是不可数名词。
   c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
   The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
   d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
   "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
   <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。


  5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes
    若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
  
  6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼               




 

1.4 不可数名词量的表示
 
1)物质名词
  a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。
    比较: Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)
       These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)
  b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数。
   This factory produces steel. (不可数)
   We need various steels. (可数)
  c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。
   Our country is famous for tea.
   我国因茶叶而闻名。
   Two teas, please.
   请来两杯茶。

2) 抽象名词有时也可数。
  four freedoms 四大自由
  the four modernizations四个现代化
  物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。
  如:
  a glass of water 一杯水 
  a piece of advice 一条建议


1.5 定语名词的复数
 
名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。
 1) 用复数作定语。
   如:sports meeting 运动会
     students reading-room 学生阅览室 
     talks table 谈判桌 
     the foreign languages department 外语系


 2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
   如:men workers  women teachers  
     gentlemen officials


 3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。
   如:goods train (货车)
     arms produce 武器生产
     customs papers 海关文件
     clothes brush衣刷


 4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。
   如:two-dozen eggs 两打/(二十四个鸡蛋) 
     a ten-mile walk 十里路 
     two-hundred trees 两百棵树
     a five-year plan. 一个五年计划
   个别的有用复数作定语的,如: a seven-years child



1.6 不同国家的人的单复数
 
名称   总称(谓语用复数) 一个人   两个人     
中国人  the Chinese   a Chinese  two Chinese
瑞士人  the Swiss    a Swiss   two Swiss
澳大利亚人the       an     two
     Australians   Australian Australians                 
俄国人  the Russians  a Russian  two Russians
意大利人 the Italians  an Italian  two Italians
希腊人  the Greek    a Greek   two Greeks
法国人  the French   a Frenchman two
                    Frenchmen
日本人  the Japanese  a Japanese  two Japanese
美国人  the Americans an American two Americans
印度人  the Indians  an Indian   two Indians
加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian  two Canadians
德国人  the Germans  a German  two Germans
英国人  the English  an Englishman two
                    Englishmen
瑞典人  the Swedish  a Swede   two Swedes 




1.7 名词的格
 
  在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下:
 1) 单数名词词尾加"'s",复数名词词尾没有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。
 2) 若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加"'",如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。
 3) 凡不能加"'s"的名词,都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。
 4) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店。
 5) 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示"分别有";只有一个's,则表示'共有'。
   如:John's and Mary's room(两间)  John and Mary's room(一间)
 6) 复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。
   如:a month or two's absence
gototop
 
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