修辞sarcasm 和ridicule 
Sarcasm: (讥讽，挖苦)A form of wit that is marked by cutting, often ironic remarks and is intended to make its victim the butt of contempt or ridicule. 一种措辞巧妙的话语，以运用讽刺性语言为特征，意在使被讥讽者成为被人蔑视或讽刺的对象

这种修辞手段重在语气（tone）上,是尖刻的，辛辣的。比如鲁迅的不少杂文就属于这种辛辣的讽刺，如“别的且不说罢，单是学艺上的东西，近来就先送一批古董到巴黎去展览，但终“不知后事如何”；还有几位“大师”们捧着几张古画和新画，在欧洲各国一路的挂过去，叫作“发扬国光”。听说不久还要送梅兰芳博士到苏联去，以催进“象征主义”，此后是顺便到欧洲传道。我在这里不想讨论梅博士演艺和象征主义的关系，总之，活人替代了古董，我敢说，也可以算得显出一点进步了。（《拿来主义》）
又如英国讽刺作家斯威夫特（1667－1745，就是Gulliver’s Travels的作者）的一段文字：
e.g.
… I do humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand children already computed, twenty thousand may be reserved for breed whereof only one fourth part may be reserved for males, which is more than we allow to sheep, black cattle, or swine… That the remaining hundred thousand may at a year old be offered in sale to the persons of quality and fortune through the kingdom, always advising the mother to let them suck plentiful in the last month, so as to render them plump and fat for a good table…
I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore being proper for landlords, who, as they have already most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children.
  ---- From Jonathan Swift’s “A modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor people in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for ****** Them Beneficial to the Public”

Ridicule: （嘲笑）Words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing 愚弄有意激起对某人或某事的蔑视的笑或看不起的感情而说的话或做的事
e.g.
Bryan mopped his bald head in silence.
Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted …

Sarcasm是转弯抹角的讽刺，如上文的“发扬国光”、“显出一点进步”，而ridicule就是直截了当的表示出轻蔑之意.