句 型 转 换
一、概说：
英语有不少句子（不是所有句子）可以转换其句型。如一个并列句可转换为一个简单句：学会句型转换有助于对英语句型的精确掌握与灵活运用。
1．I help him and he helps me. 我帮助他，他帮助我。
可转换：
2. He and I help each other. 我和他互相帮助。
我们可运用下面不同的句子类型来表达基本相同的意思如：
3. He succeeded through hard work. 他靠勤奋工作取得了成功。
4. He worked hard and so he succeeded. 他勤奋的工作，所有他取得了成功。
5. He succeeded because he worked hard. 他成功是因为他勤奋工作。
6. It was through hard work that he succeeded.他是通过自己的勤奋工作而成功的。
【注】：简单句有时亦可用引词it和there进行内部转换如：
①You need not put your foot in it. 你不必自找麻烦。
→It is not necessary for you to put your foot in it.
②What have you got in your pocket? 你口袋里是什么？
→What’s there in your pocket?
③It will rain next week. 下星期要下雨。
→There will be rain next week.
二、简单句与并列句的转换
1．简单句→并列句 多由短句变为分句，如：
① She sat and talked, forgetting what she was there for. 她坐下后就说开了，忘了她到那的目的。
→She sat and talked, and so she forgot what she was there for.
②He came too late to see the first part of the show.他来的太晚了，没有赶上看节目的第一部分。
→He came late, so he missed the first part of the show.
③Picking up the phone, he asked for the operator. 拿起电话，他要接线员。
→He picked up the phone and (he) asked for the operator.
④A woman, all in red, came by. 一位一袭红衣的妇女走过。
→A woman came by, she was all in red.
⑤Sleeping but little and thinking much, I find nights long. 我不能入睡，思绪万千，觉得夜很长。
→I find nights long, for I sleep but little and think much.
2. 并列句→简单句 多将分句变成短语，如：
⑥Tom wants to buy a bicycle, so he’s saving up.汤姆要买一辆自行车，为此他正在攒钱。
→Tom is saving up for a bicycle.
⑦There lay the ruined wall; it was broken in many places.倒毁的墙就在那里，很多处都断裂了。
→There lay the ruined wall, broken in many places.
⑧He is my friend and that’s why I have accepted the task.（并列复合句）他是我的朋友，因此我才接受了这个任务。
→I have accepted the task out of my friendship for him.
⑨She was young and beautiful, and yet I did not love her.她年轻貌美，但我不爱她。
→I did not love her, with al her youth and beauty.
三、简单句与复杂句的转换
1． 简单句→复合句 多将短语变为从句，如：
①The old man wants a small but comfortable room.老人要一间虽小，但舒适的房子。
→The old man wants a room that is small but comfortable.
②The meeting over, we all went home.散会后，我们就都回家了。
→When the meeting was over, we all went home.
③He was fool enough to tell them everything.他真傻，把一切事情都告诉他们了。
→He was so foolish that he told them everything.
④Thinking that traditional Chinese medicine might help, they sent for an old Chinese doctor.他们请了一位老中医，因为他们考虑到也许中医会有效。
→They sent for an old Chinese doctor because they thought that traditional Chinese medicine might help.
⑤To my knowledge, they never lost a package from the United States.据我所知，他们从未丢失过一件从美国寄回来的包裹。
→As far as I knew, they never lost a package from the United States.
⑥That story will give you something to think about.那个故事会让你思考一些问题的。
→If you read that story, it will give you something to think about.
⑦Weather permitting, we shall go on an outing on Sunday.天气好的话，星期天我们就去郊游。
→If weather permits, we shall go on an outing on Sunday.
⑧This ,to be sure ,is not your fault.这肯定不是你的过失。
→I’m sure that it’s not your fault.
2. 复合句→简单句 多将从句变为短语， 如：
⑨The table which has three legs is made of steel.那个三条腿的桌子是钢做的。
→The table with three legs is made of steel.
⑩The students who are going on a field trip will be back next week.正在进行野外实习的同学下周回校了。
→The students going on a field trip will be back next week.
⑾I could not come because I was ill.我来不了，因为我病了。
→I could not come on account of my illness.
⑿The family was in a difficult situation when mother was in hospital.妈妈住院时家里乱套了。
→Mother being in hospital, the family was in a difficult situation.
⒀If you make your own clothes, it will save your money.自己做衣服，你就会省钱。
→You will save money by making your own clothes.
⒁He went all the same although it was raining.尽管下雨他还是走了。
→He went all the same in spite of the rain.
⒂As soon as he heard the news, he rushed to the scene.他一听到这消息马上奔赴现场。
→On heating the news, he rushed to the scene.
⒃That I have a place in your heart makes me feel deeply privileged indeed.我能在你心中占有一席之地使我感到深为荣幸。
→Deeply did I feel privileged in having a place in your heart.
四、并列句与复合句的转换
1． 并列句→复合句 多将一分句变为从句，如：
⑴He dropped the stone into the river and it sank to the bottom.他把石头扔进河中，这石头就沉入河底。
→The stone he dropped into the river sank to the bottom.
⑵Try again and you will succeed. 再努力一次，你就会成功。
→If you try again, you sill succeed.
⑶Denis speaks more quietly, but you speak more quietly. 丹尼斯说话很轻，但你说话更轻。
→You speak even more quietly than Denis.
⑷I’ve been away only for three years, yet I can hardly recognize my hometown.我仅在外三年，可我几乎不认不出我自己的故乡了。
→Although I’ve been away only for three years, I can hardly recognize my hometown.
⑸I told him to leave my horse alone, or else it would kick him.我告诉他别惹我的马，不然他会踢他。
→I told him that if he did not leave my horse alone, it would kick him.
⑹Some played cards, some sat about a table and drank. 一些人打牌，一些人围桌坐着喝酒。
→Some played cards while others sat about a table and drank.
⑺She was beautiful and she knew it.她很美，他自己也知道这一点。
→She knew she was beautiful.
⑻She did her work carefully, so she never made any mistakes.她做事十分仔细，所以从未出过错。
→Because she did her work carefully she never made any mistakes.
2.复合句→并列句 多将从句变为一分句，如：
⑼I lent my bicycle to John, who lent it to George. 我把我的自行车借给了约翰，他又把它借给了乔治。
→I lent my bicycle to John and he lent it to George.
⑽I can’t hear her because she has a low voice. 她说话太轻，我都听不见她说什么。
→I can’t hear her-she has a low voice.
⑾As Jane was the eldest, she looked after the others. 简是大姐，所以她照顾其它姐妹。
→Jane was the eldest, and so she looked after the others.
⑿If milk is not a cool place, it will go sour. 牛奶如果不存放在阴凉处，很快就会坏了。
→Milk must be kept in a cool place, or else it will go sour.
⒀Although we have made some progress, yet we still have a long way to go.我们虽然取得了些进步，但还是远远不够的。
→We have made some progress, but we still have a long way to go.
⒁She did not come to class yesterday, because for she was unwell. 她昨天没有上课，因为她身体不舒服。
→She did not come to class yesterday, for she was unwell.
⒂I meant what I said.我是说实话。
→I said it and I meant it.
⒃When I went to his house, I found him reading. 我到他家时看到他正在看书。
→I went to his house, I found him reading.
五、句子的结合与分离
有时一个以上的句子可以合并成为一个句子，这也是一种转换。如：
⑴The bird was a cock. The fox was looking at it hungrily.那是一只公鸡。狐狸正以贪婪的目光看着它。
→The bird which the fox was looking at hungrily was a cock.
⑵It was a snowy day. A small girl was making her way down the street. She was holding a box of matches in her hand.一个下雪天，一个小女孩在街上走着。她手里拿着一盒火柴。
→It was a snowy day and a small girl was making her way down the street. holding a box of matches in her hand.
有时一个句子则可以分离为一个以上的句子，这又是一种转换，如：
⑶My ruler has a scale marked in centimeters.我尺子上有公分。
→I’ve got a ruler. It has a scale. The scale is marked in centimeters.
⑷Instead of hating him, I like him all the more for it.我不但不恨他，相反为此我更爱他。
→I don’t hate him. On the contrary, I like him all the more for it.
再看下面一些句子的结合的情况：
⑸They decided to row all night. All the men took turns.
→They decided to row all night. All the men taking turns.他们决定全体轮流整夜划船。
⑹His book was now a bestseller. He felt pleased with the world.
→ His book now a bestseller, he felt pleased with the world.他的书成了畅销书，他对一切都满意了。
⑺He is leaving for the conference next week. All expenses are to be paid by his company.
→He is leaving for the conference next week, all expenses to be paid by his company.他下周去参加一个会议，所有费用由他的公司支付。
⑻The ocean looks very beautiful. The moonlight glimmers on its surface.
→The ocean looks very beautiful with the moonlight glimmering on its surface.海洋真美，月光在海面上闪跃。
⑼Coffee grows in Brazil. It is known to all.
→That coffee grows in Brazil is known to all.众所周知巴西产咖啡。
⑽How will he get the money? That’s his own affair.
→ How he will get the money is his own affair.他如何弄到这笔钱是他自己的事。
⑾Harole is getting a job as a travellintg salesman. This idea doesn’t appeal to his wife.
→The idea of Harold’s getting a job as a traveling salesman doesn’t appeal to his wife.哈罗德要找一份旅行推销员的想法不合他妻子的心意。
⑿He appealed to the crowd. The crowd should go home. The appeal was completely ignored.
→His appeal to the crowd to go home was completely ignored.那群人跟本不理他要求他们回家的呼声。
